возможности уничтожен. Еще важнее то, что
половой голод вызывает истерию, а она
желательна, ибо е° можно преобразовать в
военное неистовство и поклонению вождю?.
Джордж Оруэлл. ?1984?
Чтобы дать читателю возможность ознакомиться с современным взглядом на террор я приведу здесь статью о терроризме из американской энциклопедии.
Copyright - 1992 Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
terrorism
Terrorism is the sustained, clandestine use of violence, including
murder, kidnapping, hijacking, and bombings, to achieve a
political purpose. Definitions in the U.S. Intelligence and
Surveillance Act of 1979 and the United Kingdom Prevention of
Terrorism Act of 1976 stress the use of violence to coerce or
intimidate the civilian population with a view to affecting
government policy. In popular usage, however, as influenced by
politicians and the media, "terrorism" is now increasingly used as
a generic term for all kinds of political violence, especially as
manifested in revolutionary and guerrilla warfare.
Nevertheless, not all political violence short of conventional war
is terrorism. Political assassination may or may not be a
terrorist act, depending on the degree of commitment to a
sustained program of terror. Assassinations of Tsar Alexander II
and other prominent figures in imperial Russia by nihilists and
social revolutionaries were part of a sustained program of
violence aimed at bringing down the Tsarist regime and as such
were terrorist acts. On the other hand, the assassinations of
Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy, while undoubtedly
political in motive, were not part of a sustained program and
hence cannot properly be called terrorism. The term is
inappropriate as applied to the suicide attacks of religious
fanatics on military personnel in a war zone, as in the case of
the bombings of U.S. Marine and French Foreign Legion bunkers in
Lebanon in 1983, although not to the bombings of the U. S. Embassy
(1983-84).
The deliberate killing of civilians to intimidate the civilian
population or government is one of the worst features of
contemporary terrorism and can clearly be distinguished from the
type of clandestine warfare waged by resistance groups or
insurgency movements against official and military targets. By
their actions, the PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION (PLO) and the
Provisional Wing of the IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY are terrorist
organizations. But one would not use the term to describe the
Polish and French underground resistance movements of World War
II. When governments engage in illegal and clandestine kidnapping
and murder to intimidate their people--as in the case of the Nazis
in Germany and the Argentine military junta in power from 1976 to
1983--the term "state terrorism" is appropriate.
One important characteristic of modern terrorism is its quest for
spectacular horror effects in order to attract media coverage.