Мир будет сохранен и упрочен, если
народы возьмут дело сохранения мира
в свои руки и будут отстаивать его
до конца.
И.Сталин.
В качестве введения объясняющего сущность пацифизма и его историю, я привожу здесь статью из энциклопедии.
Copyright - 1992 Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
pacifism and nonviolent movements
Pacifism is the belief in peaceful reconciliation of human
differences. Pacifism opposes not only war between nations, but
also violent revolution and the use of coercive violence by
governments. For some individuals, such as CONSCIENTIOUS
OBJECTORS, pacifism is a matter of private morality. In modern
times, however, pacifism has more often been associated with
groups working for political ends and dedicated to nonviolent
methods of achieving them.
ORIGINS OF PACIFIST IDEAS
The beliefs that lie at the core of pacifism a respect for life
and a consequent repugnance toward killing are ancient. They can
be found in the Chinese Taoist doctrine of wu-wei, or nonaction,
although this doctrine suggests passivity rather than pacifism in
the modern political sense. In ancient India the doctrine of
ahimsa nonharming was shared by the Buddhists, by certain elements
of traditional Hinduism, and by the Jains. Not until the
appearance of Mahatma GANDHI at the end of the 19th century,
however, did ahimsa take on the social and political aspects
associated with pacifism. Earlier it had been regarded simply as a
question of action or nonaction that might affect the individual's
karma, or destiny, and so determine the pattern of his or her
reincarnations. Among the Hindus the existence of such castes as
the kshatriya, dedicated to the military life and to ruling by
coercion, prevented the spread of pacifism as a political
movement. Early Buddhist monarchs such as Asoka in India and the
kings of Ceylon sought to rule more peacefully, but no Buddhist
realm in history has forsworn violence altogether.
Pacifist elements can be found in the nonactionist doctrines of
Greek Stoicism in the Western world. A shadowy anticipation of
modern pacifism appears in the quasimillennial doctrine of a
future golden age of universal peace that emerged with the MYSTERY
CULTS of Hellenistic and Roman times. The concept was encouraged
by the dreams of a universal kingdom or empire that arose among
the Achaemenid rulers of Persia in the 6th century BC; these
dreams were inherited by Alexander the Great and his Hellenistic
successors and by the creators of the concept of the Pax Romana,
or peace of Rome. This latter idea of an imperial peace, which
reemerged in medieval times after the creation of the Holy Roman
Empire, is a peace imposed from above through benign coercion and
is therefore far from pacifistic.
A truer pacifism was to be found among the early Christians, who